14 THE DISTRIBUTOR’S LINK Guy Avellon Guy Avellon has been in the MRO and fastener distribution industry for over 30 years. He began his metallurgical engineering career at Republic Steel Research Center in metal coatings and has since held positions as sales engineer; Chief Engineer; Manager of Product Marketing, Product Engineering and Quality and Director of Quality and Engineering. He founded GT Technical Consultants where he performs failure analysis, presents lectures on fastener safety, worked for law firms and designs and audits Quality systems. He is a member of SAE and is Vice Chairman of the ASTM F16 Fastener Committee and Chairman of the F16.01 Test Methods Committee, since 1988. He also received the ASTM Award of Merit in 2005. Guy and his wife, Linda currently reside in Lake Barrington, IL and may be reached at 847-477-5057. Email him at: ExpertBoltGuy@gmail.com or visit his website at www.BoltFailure.com. PINS Many times when the salesperson takes an order, either personally or by phone, he just orders what the customer tells him he wants. Pins are a generic term for many products with unique applications. By knowing the differences, you can help your customer select the correct product for his application. Pins are a mechanical device designed to hold parts that are not fixed, but may be subject to movement or other external force loads. This is in contrast to threaded fasteners which produce an adjustable compressive clamp load for heavy and thick materials; only producing light radial loads. Pins are generally made from steel wire or wire that has been flattened, then coiled or bent for specific applications. The steels vary in carbon composition and hardness. Pins may also be made from stainless steels, beryllium copper, brass or Monel. Categories for pins include; Clevis, Coiled, Cotter, Dowel, Grooved, Lynch, Slotted, Shear, Spring, Straight, and Taper. CLEVIS PINS: Usually have a cold formed head on one end of a straight shank body. Close to the end of the shank, a hole is drilled through the body. The clevis pin is placed through other objects that do not necessarily have a receptor hole that is dimensionally toleranced to be close to the diameter of the pin, but is usually in a loose but not tight connection. To keep the clevis pin from falling out of the connection, a cotter pin is placed through the drilled hole at the end of the clevis pin. Clevis pins provide for shear resistance in all applications. Many will involve holding chains together. The materials are typically AISI 1010-1020 steel or 1211, which may be case hardened. (ANSI/ASME B18.8.1) COTTER PINS: To be used with clevis pins and castle nuts, cotter pins are a flat folded wire that has a semi-circular cross section and is looped at the closed end to prevent the pin from falling through a hole. Some pins may have different shapes, such as an R Clip, which is shaped like the letter R and provides security from spring tension around the pin or cylindrical object. The length of one end of the cotter pin wire is slightly longer than the other to facilitate their opening and spreading. Once the two ends are through the hole of the clevis pin or drilled bolt, the ends are spread in opposite directions to prevent the cotter pin from falling out, or are wrapped around the castellated protrusions to prevent the castle nut from backing off the bolt. (ANSI/ASME B18.8.1). COILED PINS: In the genre of a spring pin, coiled pins, or spiral pins, are a straight, cylindrical pin manufactured from flat, hardenable materials that are coiled approximately 2 1/4 times to produce multiple walls. Designed to be pressfit into the holes of the several parts to be held together, the greater outwards spring tension produced by the multiple walls effectively prevent the pin from falling out of the hole. The coiled pins continually flex in service and minimize metal fatigue under dynamically loaded applications. Materials include, but not limited to; 1070-1095 carbon steel, 6150H hardenable alloy steel, 410-420 and 302 stainless steels and beryllium copper. Coiled pins are available in three classes: ISO 8751, for light duty; ISO 8750 for standard duty; and ISO 8748 for heavy duty applications. Applications include: locks, latches, hinge pins, gear shafts, axles, pump shafts, motors, automotive doors and handles, etc. (ANSI/ASME B18.8.2) DOWEL PINS: Designed for precision fit parts, the straight, solid shank is ground to close tolerances with both ends chamfered. Dowel pins are to be press-fit into the applications. Uses include tool and die machinery. The materials are to be from any steel or alloy capable of being hardened to a minimum of Rc 50, which shall produce a shear strength of 130 ksi minimum. Non-hardened dowel pins shall have a minimum hardness of Rc 32, with a shear strength of 64 ksi for steel and 40 ksi for brass. (ANSI/ASME B18.2.2). please turn to page 130
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