10 THE DISTRIBUTOR’S LINK Guy Avellon Guy Avellon has been in MRO and Fastener Distribution for over 30 years, in such positions Sales Engineer, Chief Engineer, Manager of Product Marketing, Product Engineering & Quality and Director of Quality & Engineering. He founded GT Technical Consultants where he performs failure analysis, lectures on fastener safety, works for law firms and designs/audits Quality systems. He is a member of SAE, is Vice Chairman of the ASTM F16 Fastener Committee, Chairman of the F16.01 Test Methods Committee and received the ASTM Award of Merit in 2005. Guy can be contacted at 847- 477-5057, Email: ExpertBoltGuy@gmail.com or visit www.BoltFailure.com. WHAT FASTENER DISTRIBUTORS NEED TO KNOW ABOUT SUBSTITUTIONS There are times when a customer wants a certain product that is temporarily out of stock. In this case, there are two choices: back order the item and hope the customer will still want the product later or give the customer a substitute part. You want to accommodate the customer but substitutions have been won and lost in court rooms if precautions aren’t taken. To avoid liability, it is imperative that the customer understands that they are receiving a substitute part. Then, it is necessary to understand where the part(s) may be used. Once the part is used, any remaining parts should not be co-mingled with present stock, where the ‘irregular’ part may unknowingly be used in another application which may have critical consequences. Nuts Generally speaking, a substitution of one strength grade higher is acceptable without any consequences. However, there are always exceptions with other substitutions that need caution: ASTM structural nuts and finished hex nuts. As a supplier/distributor who has access to both products, many can be substituted but with the consent of the buyer. This is to avoid having comingled stock and to be aware of the change. The ASTM products can mostly be used with SAE products but the SAE products can not interchange with the ASTM nuts. SAE Grade 2; can use ASTM A563 Grade A, B or C CONTRIBUTOR ARTICLE hex, heavy hex and hex thick nuts. SAE Grade 5; can use A563 Grade C or D and even DH hex nut; C or D heavy hex nut; B or D hex thick nut. SAE Grade 8; can use A563 Grade DH hex; D and DH heavy hex; D and DH hex thick nut, or the ASTM A194 Grade 2 heavy hex or 2H hex or heavy hex. The ASTM A563 nuts are furnished either plain, noncoated, or zinc coated. The zinc coating may range from organic coating, plating, mechanical galvanizing and hot dip galvanizing. Depending upon the thickness of the coating, some threads are over tapped prior to coating while some hot dip zinc coatings may require tapping after coating. Due to the assembly and installation requirements of some of the structural products, many will also have a lubricant applied, which will affect non-structural assemblies if not expected. Hex, Heavy Hex, Hex Thick There is some confusion with remembering the terminology differences, so here is the explanation: Hex Nut: this is the basic, standard nut. The nut is slightly thinner than the diameter of the bolt to which it mates. For example; a 1/2” hex nut has a WAF (width across flats) of 3/4” (0.750”) and a thickness of 7/16” (0.4375”). A formula for the nut dimensions: 1/4” WAF is 1.50 D + 0.062” H = 0.0875 D 5/16 – 5/8”: WAF = 1.50 D CONTINUED ON PAGE 96
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