10 THE DISTRIBUTOR’S LINK Guy Avellon Guy Avellon has been in the MRO and fastener distribution industry for over 30 years. He began his metallurgical engineering career at Republic Steel Research Center in metal coatings and has since held positions as sales engineer; Chief Engineer; Manager of Product Marketing, Product Engineering and Quality and Director of Quality and Engineering. He founded GT Technical Consultants where he performs failure analysis, presents lectures on fastener safety, worked for law firms and designs and audits Quality systems. He is a member of SAE and is Vice Chairman of the ASTM F16 Fastener Committee and Chairman of the F16.01 Test Methods Committee, since 1988. He also received the ASTM Award of Merit in 2005. Guy and his wife, Linda currently reside in Lake Barrington, IL and may be reached at 847-477-5057. Email him at: ExpertBoltGuy@gmail.com or visit his website at www.BoltFailure.com. FASTENER TERMINOLOGY During the course of our business day and with the dealings between new market products and companies, purchasing, engineering and maintenance personnel, we often must deal with terminologies that are common to others as ‘shop talk’ but as generic as ‘Kleenex’ is to others. This section on Terminology will undoubtedly be a refresher for some yet establish some common ground with our customers. Let’s Start With The Terms Used On The Common Cap Screw [1] Chamfered Head: Though it is not critical to the function of the cap screw, it does lend to its appearance and helps to guide the socket onto the head for easier fit and positioning. This trait is found with cold headed products and usually not on hot formed or hot headed products. [2] Wrench Flats: The part of the hexagonal head that allows a socket or wrench to be applied so the cap screw may be tightened or held in place while being tightened by a nut. What is significant is that most dimensional prints for hex bolts will specify a dimension called ‘WAF’, which is an abbreviation for Width Across the Flats. [3] Washer Face: Also known as the bearing surface, as it evenly distributes the load of the head onto the joint or flat washer. As a raised portion under the head of a cap screw, it will also elevate the head slightly to prevent the corners of the hex head from contacting the surface of the joint. In some cases, it will also protect the fillet from contact with the edge of a mounting hole. [4] Fillet: One of the most critical parts of the fastener. The fillet has definite dimensional radius tolerances that transition from the shank to the head. The fillet reduces the stresses at the head and shank junction. The fillet radius is more complex and compounded for socket head products as the heads have a smaller bearing surface and carry greater loads and stresses. *Why this matters: The head integrity of the fastener is so critical that when tensile testing to ASTM F606/606M and SAE J429 for inch and J1216 for metric fasteners, the standards all specify that the fractures shall occur in the threads and not at the head to shank junction. If this occurs, the lot must be rejected. [5] Shank: The solid portion of a bolt or stud that is smooth and distinct from the threaded portion or the head and represents the major diameter (body) of the fastener. please turn to page 146
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