10 THE DISTRIBUTOR’S LINK Laurence Claus Laurence Claus is the President of NNi Training and Consulting, Inc. He has 25 years of experience with a medium sized automotive fastener manufacturer, holding positions including Vice President of Engineering, General Manager, Director of Quality, Director of New Business Development and Applications Engineer. In 2012 he formed NNi offering technical and business training courses as well as technical consulting, expert witness and consultation work. He can be reached at 847-867-7363 or by email: Lclaus@NNiTraining.com. You can learn more about NNi at www.NNiTraining.com. WHY FASTENERS FAIL PART 1 - FUNDAMENTALS In the early morning hours of October 30, 1990, the USS Iwo Jima, a formidable WASP class Amphibious Assault Ship, steamed from its short port call in Bahrain where several days before it had docked to receive repairs to its main boiler system. A little more than ten minutes into the redeployment, the Boiler Technician of the Watch, reported a steam leak behind Main Boiler #2. Almost immediately thereafter a jarring explosion rocked the engineering space as the main steam valve 2MS-7 blew apart sending deadly superheated (800°F) and highly pressurized (640 psi) steam throughout the confined space. Five crewmen died almost immediately and five others were to die by the end of the day making this one of the most deadly single events of Operation Desert Shield. What happened to create such a tragedy? In short, lack of knowledge, oversight, and following established protocols allowed the Bahranian pipefitter, who was FIGURE 1: USS IWO JIMA TECHNICAL ARTICLE contracted to make the repairs, to reassemble the valve bonnet using brass nuts. As soon as the superheated steam was released to flow through the valve, the laws of Physics took over and all the components of the valve soon reached the steam temperature of 800°F. Unfortunately the strength properties of many materials, including brass, diminish at elevated temperatures. This was the case in this instance and the brass nuts diminished strength capacity was unable to withstand the 640psi steam coursing through the valve. It was only a matter of time before the valve would fail and reap its deadly results. Sadly, accidents resulting from the misapplication of fasteners are all too common. In fact, some experts project that as many as 95% of all fastener failures are the result of poor selection or improper installation. This is a sobering statistic because it illustrates the general lack of knowledge and laissez-faire attitude of most fastener users and that fewer failures than most think are the result of poor product quality. In 2015 I made a presentation where I made the following comment, “Like no other highly engineered product, the importance and criticality of the ‘lowly’ threaded fastener is routinely undervalued and misunderstood. No other product is used in such quantities and expected to perform at such high levels for such low cost.” Since the majority of fasteners fail for reasons other than manufacturing defects, to understand this topic one must understand the other causes of failure. CONTINUED ON PAGE 96
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